Ch 7.
o Cell membranes structures are in a
fluid mosaic model. Their function is to act as a barrier that separates itself
from the surrounding environment - allowing certain molecules in and out.
o Fluid mosaic model: Membrane is fluid structure w/ various
proteins embedded or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids.
o Diffusion = Net movement of high concentration
into low concentration.
Selective
permeability = Only certain
substances are allowed to pass through the membrane.
Passive transport = Requires no energy, diffusion of
substance across membrane.
Active transport = Requires energy, diffusion of
substance across membrane.
Osmosis = diffusion of free water
across a selectively permeable membrane.
Bulk Transport =
Turgid = Best state for plant cells. Plant
version of hypotonic.
Facilitated
diffusion = polar
molecules and ions impeded by lipid bilayer diffuse passively with the
help of transport proteins. (passive transport)
Isotonic = No net movement. Best for animal cells.
Hypertonic = Water rushes out - shrivel.
Hypotonic = Water rushes in - burst.
o Carrier proteins = change its shape to fit the molecules
that are being transported.
Channel proteins = channels for specific molecules to
pass through the membrane.
o Active transport requires energy while passive does not.
o An electrogenic pump is a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane.
o Cotransport is a single ATP powered pump that transport a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes.
o Exocytosis = cell transport OUT via vesicles.
Endocytosis = cell transport IN via vesicles.
- Phagocytosis = "cell eating"
- Pinocytosis = "cell drinking"
-Receptor mediated endocytosis(RME) = Substances bind to receptors which then forms a vesicle and pulls it in.
Ch 8.
Metabolism: totatility of an organism's chemical reaction. An emergent property of life that arises from orderly interactions between molecules.
Anabolic = Building of complicated molecules from simple ones.
Catabolic = Break down of complex into simpler.
Exergonic =
Endergonic =
Metabolic pathways: Series of chemical reactions occuring within' cell.
Entropy: Measurement of disorder or randomness.
Thermodynamics
1st Law: No energy can be created or destroyed.
2nd Law: Through each transfer inc. the entropy of the universe.
