Exam 1 Study Guide

1.4

• What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

A theory is vague and broad, has undergone extensive testing and widely accepted to be true. Hypothesis is more specific, and is more of a proposal.
2

• Describe a atomic structure

Atomic structure is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons being around the same weight and is located near the nucleus while the electrons are relatively smaller and are located in the electron cloud.

• What is valence?

The outer shell of an electron.

• What is the difference between covalent and iconic bonds?

 Covalent bonds are electrons while iconic bonds donate electrons.

• What is the difference between polar and nonpolar bonds?

Nonpolar - electrons shared equally. Polar - one molecule has the electron the majority of the time.

• What are hydrogen bonds?

Weak bond between 2 molecules. Negative, has a strong dipole-dipole attraction.

3

• Describe the chemical structure of water

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

• How does the ability of water to form hydrogen bonds affect its properties?

When hydrogen bonds are stable - ice.

Less stable, break and reform - water.